Chapter 9: The Psychology of Gambling

 

             “Use the force, Luke” (Star Wars).

            Gambling is like the force, it has a light side and it has a dark side.

            The opening chapter describes the light side.  Video Poker is rewarding for many reasons. The primary reason the game is reinforcing has to do with the nature of the reward.

            The reward schedule is uncertain (this is called a variable interval schedule). This means that every time you hit the draw buttons, you might win. Your brain anticipates the future reward (even if doesn’t happen), and some chemicals in your brain called neurotransmitters are released. These neurotransmitters are a large part of what makes you feel the way you do. Too little of one neurotransmitter will leave you depressed, too much of another and you might start hearing voices.

            Of course, you also get a big burst of neurotransmitters when you win something. The larger the win, the more neurotransmitters get released. In addition, the machine usually plays some kind of music, or flashes some lights every time you win to increase the number of things you can associate with that win. Whenever you win, the connection between the lights and the bells gets connected with that neurotransmitter release which makes you feel good. So what happens two months later when you see an ad for Las Vegas on TV? Your brain sees the lights, hears the bells and you want to go gamble to get that neurotransmitter release again.

            With the variable interval reinforcement schedule of gambling, you get some neurotransmitter released with every hand.  It is as if your brain says “here comes something good... release the neurotransmitter”.  It is possible to have a fixed interval schedule where you only get a reward after a certain period of time or number of events. Getting a paycheck every two weeks is a fixed interval schedule, but the fixed interval schedule releases less of the neurotransmitters that give you the rush of excitement.

            In addition to the type of interval, the magnitude of the reward can be fixed or variable.  Playing blackjack, most of your hands will either be a straight win or a loss of your original bet (there are some exceptions such as blackjack or doubling down, but these are not typical). In contrast, the magnitude of the video poker reward varies tremendously.  A royal straight flush gives you $1000. When else in life can you make $1000 in the 5 seconds it takes to play one hand of video poker?  True, you will have to play a lot more than one hand to hit that royal, but the part of your brain that reinforces doesn’t really care that you’ve played 40,000 hands. It just thinks, “I hit that draw button, and I won a thousand dollars, that’s cool!!!”.  In addition, you tend to replay the memory of hitting the royal in your mind as you tell your friends about it. Each time you tell the story, you reinforce the value of video poker a little bit.

            It is easy to be seduced by the dark side of the gambling force.  The fact that gambling is so rewarding also presents a significant risk for some people. There is a fine line between a passion for gambling and a gambling problem. There are many video poker players who go to Vegas every month and play all weekend with little sleep.  Is this too much?  For many, it is not a problem, video poker is something that they enjoy as a major way of letting loose.  But for others, gambling does become a compulsion. There are a number of signs that gambling is getting out of control.

            If you are losing too much money, that’s obviously a problem. Of course, you have to decide what is too much. Fortunately, if you play good machines with near-expert or expert strategy, then losing too much money is less likely to be a problem, but you can still lose a lot of money if you hit a streak of bad luck (see chapter 3 on variability).

            Even if you are not losing, you still may have a problem. If gambling is preventing you from enjoying other parts of your life, then that’s a problem. If every time you go to Vegas, you completely wear yourself out and need a week to recover, you might want to cut back a bit.  Of course, only you can decide how much is too much.

            If you think you might have a problem, then you probably do. If you need help, please call 1-800-gambler.      

            If you start losing big, then there is a natural tendency to imagine that your luck must turn around -- THIS IS A VERY DANGEROUS THOUGHT. Because video poker is random, each hand is completely independent of the previous hands. In other words, the machine has no memory for anything that has happened.  Therefore, if you are way ahead or way behind, that next hand will be dealt the same way.  If you are losing, you must ignore this feeling that your luck has to change. This is easier said than done, because although you may know this to be true, you will often feel like you have to start winning.

            If you find yourself betting more when you are behind, then you may have a gambling problem.  People with gambling problems often find themselves “chasing”, which means that they are trying to win back their losses by betting more. The guilt and shame of losing big is so aversive that they will do just about anything to rid themselves of that “loser” feeling. As a result, they will bet more and a vicious cycle can occur. Fortunately, the positive expectation of video poker makes this less likely, because, unlike most casino games, the odds are in your favor that you are likely get back some of your losses. In addition, you usually cannot increase your bet in video poker without changing to a $1 machine (which might not be full-pay). Still, you need to keep in mind that a streak of bad luck does not promise a streak of good luck in the future.

            Set a loss limit when you play.  Decide before you play how much you can afford to lose. When you lose that much, stop. This is a simple rule but not an easy one to obey.  If you play a lot of video poker, you can end up with enough of a bankroll so that you can afford to lose quite a bit. However, most video poker players will not build up such a large bankroll and will have to live with a smaller limit.

            On the up side, if you have won a lot of money, there is no reason to believe that you are about to lose. Again, the video poker machine has no memory.  There are trips when you will have great luck in the first few hours of playing and you might think that you should quit because you can’t believe that things will stay good.  But you never know how long a good luck streak might last, so just keep playing with the knowledge that if you are playing full-pay versions with good strategy, you can expect to be ahead in the long run.

            Don’t fret about someone hitting “your” royal. Many video poker players have had the experience playing next to a person who hits a royal, and the player thinks “If I had only picked that machine, I would have hit a royal”. This thinking is wrong. Even if the player had sat at that machine, the royal would not have been hit. Why? The video poker machines use a random number generator to deal the cards that is determined by the very instant that the player hits the “Deal” button.  This means, that in order to hit the royal that the guy next to you hit, you would have had to hit the deal button at the EXACT same time (to within a millionth of a second).  This is simply not a likely occurrence. So the next time somebody else hits a royal, you can think to yourself “I’m glad he hit the royal, because if I had sat there, then it is not very likely that I would have hit it, and he probably would not have hit the royal on my machine either”.

            Root for your neighbors. When the old lady next to you gets a straight flush, tell her “nice hand”. She’ll feel better and so will you.  Moreover, when you get your four aces, she’ll be glad to share in your glory. Video poker can be a little isolating, and a little conversation with a video poker buddy can make the experience more enjoyable.

            Finally, always remember that video poker is supposed to be fun. Don’t be like the players who look like extras from “Night of the Living Dead”. Smile when you are dealt a full house. When you draw that fourth deuce, make some noise. When you hit the royal, dance around, scream and act like an idiot.  In addition to having fun yourself, you will be surprised how responsive other people will be. Everybody likes to see people win.  People may even shake your hand (it has happened to me several times).

HIT THOSE ROYALS !!!